!动名词是非限定动词的一种形式,由动词原形+ing构成.它既有动词的特征,又有名词的特征,故称.动名词也有时态和语态的变化,如表所示(以及物动词write为例),不及物动词没有语态的变化.
时态/语态主动被动
一般式writingbeingwritten
完成式havingwrittenhavingbeenwritten6.1动名词作主语、宾语和表语
1)作主语.例如:
FightingbrokeoutbetweentheSouthandtheNorth.南方与北方开战了.
2)作宾语
a.有些动词可以用动名词作宾语.例如:
admit承认appreciate感激avoid避免complete完成consider认为delay耽误
deny否认detest讨厌endure忍受enjoy喜欢escape逃脱fancy想象
finish完成imagine想象mind介意miss想念postpone推迟practice训练
recall回忆resent讨厌resume继续resist抵抗risk冒险suggest建议
face面对include包括stand忍受understand理解forgive宽恕keep继续
例如:Wouldyoumindturningdownyourradioalittle,please?你把收音机音量调小一点,好吗
Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissedbeingcaught.这松鼠幸运得很,刚逃避了被逮住的厄运.
b.有些结构后面可以用动名词作宾语或其他成分.例如:
admittoprefer…tobeusedtoleadtodevoteoneselftoobjectto
sticktonogoodnousebefondoflookforwardtobeproudof
bebusycan'thelpbetiredofbecapableofbeafraidofthinkof
burstoutkeeponinsistoncountonsetabout
putoffbegoodattakeupgiveupbesuccessfulin
3)作表语,对主语说明、解释.例如:
Herjobiswashing,cleaningandtakingcareofthechildren.她的工作是洗刷、清扫和照顾孩子.
比较:Sheiswashing,cleaningandtakingcareofthechildren.
4)作定语,一般表示所修饰名词事物的用途.例如:
awritingdesk=adeskforwriting写字台
aswimmingpool=apoolswimming游泳池
有些动名词作定语,与所修饰的名词关系比较复杂.例如:
boilingpoint=atemperaturepointatwhichsomethingbeginstoboil沸点
awalkingtractor=atractorwhichadrivercanoperatewhileheorsheiswalkingbehindit手扶拖拉机6.2worth的用法
worth,worthy,worthwhile都是形容词,意为"值得".
1.worth:beworth+n. 当名词为金钱时,表示"……值得……"
常见的有It’sworthwhiletodo./It’sworth(someone’s)whiledoing
beworthdoingsth. "……某事值得被做"
Thequestionisnotworthdiscussingagainandagain.这问题不值得反复讨论.
2.worthy:beworthyof+n. 当名词为抽象名词时表示"……值得……"
beworthytobedone"某事值得被做"
Thequestionisnotworthytobediscussedagainandagain.
3.worthwhile:beworthwhiletodosth "值得做某事"
Itisworthwhiletoaskhimtojointheclub.值得邀请他加入俱乐部.
典型例题
Itisnot____todiscussthequestionagainandagain.
A.worth B.worthy C.worthwhile D.worthwhile
答案C.由worth的用法可知,此句只适合词组beworthwhiletodosth..选C.6.3动名词不定式、分词练习
1.Iwas______worklastweek,butIchangedmymind.
a.tostartb.tohavestartedc.tobestartingd.tohavebeenstarting
2.Iintended______thematterwithyou,butIhadsomeguestshen.
a.discussb.discussingc.havingdiscussedd.tohavediscussed
3.Don’tletmecatchyou______.
a.dothatagainb.todothatagainc.doingthatagaind.donethatagain
4.Therearemanykindsofmetals______.
a.eachhasitsspecialpropertiesb.onehasitsspecialproperties
b.eachhavingitsspecialpropertiesd.havingitsspecialproperties
5.It’spay-day,andthey’rewaiting______.
a.forpayingb.tobepaidc.tobepayingd.tohavepaid
6._______trouble,I’mgoingtoforgetthewholeaffair.